Theory of utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Hypothesis of utilitarianism Essay The Philosophy of Utilitarianism may have a positive result, yet it very well may be imperfect now and again also. The Utilitarian hypothesis states â€Å" The best joy for the best number of people†. Some state this methodology is defective because of it lacking explanation and outcome, I accept this relies upon explicit conditions. Premature birth is a major issue now a days and I feel that the utilitarian hypothesis would be a sensible point of view toward this specific circumstance. To apply the Utilitarian hypothesis to premature birth, first we should give up good and bad and the intrinsic ethics that follow, and center around whether the final product praises the best joy for the best number of individuals. A case of such would be, Lets state a woman gets assaulted and becomes impregnated by the attacker, as a matter of first importance one would suspect that this lady would not have any desire to uncovered her attacker youngster, being that the pregnancy will help her regularly to remember this shocking occasion, causing her consistent dismay and sadness inwardly, truly, and intellectually. A restricting gathering would state that reception would be another option, and yes it would be, however this implies she would need to convey this kid to term, experience the agony of labor and the legitimateness of the selection procedure. Everything expressed causes this lady dismay. In the event that she goes this course there still is an issue, the youngster itself. Privileged insights consistently come out, one day this kid will discover his/her dad is an attacker and that will have a hindering negative effect on this kid. Likewise, imagine a scenario where he/she needs to meet the organic mother and she dissents, once more disappointment. Imagine a scenario in which he/she is persistant on meeting the organic mother and a gathering happens, the lady is confronted with various uneasiness, she would need to remember and confront the occasions that she made a decent attempt to cover away in her brain. The utilitarian hypothesis would express that having this youngster will cause only torment for everybody in the circumstance including the unborn hatchling. On the off chance that fetus removal took place the result would be supportive of the best satisfaction for the best number of individuals. Another model would be a youthful youngster testing in the sexual field, she can have a sweetheart or maybe she has a single night rendezvous and become pregnant. We will assess the circumstance from an utilitarian perspective, she is youthful, in school, single, inhabits home with her folks and doesn't have a salary. Once more, selection is another option, yet she would in any case need to reveal to her folks, and be compelled to grow up to right on time and pass up her childhood. Additionally, the pregnancy will turn into a weight on the young people guardians, intellectually, genuinely and monetarily, the result is misery for all gatherings included. Presently consider the possibility that a youthful couple gets pregnant, the two of them would need to drop out of school, the beau who is a youngster needs to turn into a man for the time being and figure out how to monetarily bolster the infant, a family unit and the mother. The couples guardians would need to get included and be troubled too as a result obviously they will attempt to support the youthful couple. A pregnancy is a gift yet it can likewise be a weight. A spontaneous pregnancy puts pressure and weights on people and on couples and it is incredibly difficult to overcome. Once more appropriation is relavant to these circumstances, yet it despite everything causes everybody included dismay including the infant. In all model the child would endure and be denied somehow, regardless of whether it is appropriate tutoring, being taken care of and dressed ordinary and on a passionate level also. The attackers kid would one day discover reality of how he/she was considered. The single young person and high school couple would not have the option to appropriately accommodate the youngster, bringing about requiring a type of government help, for example, clinical protection and government assistance where dependable grown-ups pay their well deserved expense dollars. The general result in all circumstance would not coinside with the utilitarian hypothesis. A sudden pregnancy is a troublesome circumstance for any lady or couple to be in, paying little heed to money related strength or age. I am genius decision and have faith in ladies reserving the option to pick. I additionally imagine that a lady in this circumstance should see it from an utilitarian’s perspective being that this hypothesis takes the result of generally joy to all individuals in this circumstance under solid thought. In the event that we thought about this hypothesis on the subject of premature birth. I feel that the way of thinking of utilitarianism would be a sufficient decision.

Persuasive essay in favour of abolishing hunting Essay Example for Free

Influential exposition for annulling chasing Essay Chasing ought to be precluded in light of the fact that it is very straightforward for trackers to manhandle guidelines. Right off the bat, it is highly unlikely to be sure whether trackers agree to limits set up with respect to the measure of creatures they are permitted to execute, and where they are permitted to chase. Each event in a chasing endeavor can't be checked and in this way trackers are basically â€Å"allowed† to do however they see fit. The arrogance that results prompts trackers taking much a larger number of lives than they are allowed. Too, trackers can enter stores to chase game, however they might not have the consent. This can have pulverizing results on the state of the biological system where the animas live just as the ability to decimate and ruin protection endeavors. In any case, this could be understood through the cancelation of chasing. Also, it is about difficult to recognize whether strategies that trackers use are â€Å"ethical†. In spite of the fact that there genuinely is no moral method to slaughter a guiltless creature, certain measures are taken to make laws to continue chasing as altruistic as could be expected under the circumstances. All things considered, there are numerous situations where these laws are defied and disregarded. For instance, reports have depicted a frightening chasing technique alluded to as â€Å"slob-hunting†. Trackers will run into a crowd of elk or other game and pointlessly shoot, taking whatever they have executed and leaving injured creatures to just kick the bucket all alone. This brutal strategy is unquestionably something that is unbearable, and is one more case of why game chasing ought to be killed. Ultimately, trackers are not administered, enabling them to slaughter any creature in the territory, including imperiled species. In spite of the fact that most jeopardized species in places like North America are secured, creatures don't remain fixed and there is consistently the opportunities for one of these animals to be harmed or executed. In this manner, since trackers don't generally consent to chasing laws, the training ought to be abrogated by and large. Another explanation chasing ought to be prohibited is on the grounds that it disturbs the unpredictable parity of an environment. One case of this is the consumption of jeopardized species. There are numerous creatures whose numbers have been seriously diminished because of chasing, for example, the polar bear. Despite the fact that it may not appear to be an ordinary prey in sport chasing, environmental change isn't the main purpose behind their decreasing numbers. Polar bears are consciously pursued in many pieces of North America by the Inuit, as it is a piece of the way of life of the region. Notwithstanding, polar bear trophies have now become the craving of numerous American game trackers. These trophies are illustrative of only the silly homicide of a creature, and are a prime case of how destructive game chasing can be on a whole species. Trackers may contends that chasing is legitimized as it shields creatures from overpopulating, anyway in the wild this happens freely. Whenever left unaltered, and biological system can without much of a stretch continue itself and flourish. Populace is normally controlled through sickness, as the most vulnerable creatures are slaughtered off and the most grounded are left to endure and raise, yet when chasing, the most grounded are the ones who are executed. To concur with a hunter’s rationale would concur that it is legitimized to execute a creature since they may get debilitated or starve, which is sickening. It is pointless cold-bloodedness, and ought to be annihilated. Chasing likewise upsets hibernation examples of creatures, and can cause pressure which can negatively affect their prosperity. For instance, to wolves who live in extremely private families, the misfortune from chasing can destroy a lot of. Chasing likewise puts particularly weight on creatures, and can frustrate their eating. This thus decreases their measure of fat and vitality they store during hibernation, and may not permit them to get by through winter. The pressure can likewise make them surrender all the more effectively to ailments which thusly can spread to all individuals from the creature network. Therefore, on the grounds that chasing upsets the normal equalization of plants and creatures in a biological system, sport chasing should restricted. In conclusion, chasing additionally can possibly devastate woods, and different environments that creatures live in. Trackers may leave camps unattended which can prompt timberland flames, and harm the homes of plants and creatures in the region. Unattended open air fires in the campgrounds of trackers, particularly in dry summer months, are very risky to woods. They can undoubtedly get on trees and can conceivably pulverize whole woods and take numerous lives. Setting up a camp itself, however it might appear to be a basic demonstration, can likewise have harm on the encompassing vegetation. Not exclusively are plants choked by the heaviness of a tent yet additionally some other rigging brought. They are additionally intensely stomped on. This harm should be possible to an animal’s food flexibly, and could make a whole gathering of creatures go hungry. The weapons that trackers use can likewise make physical harm plants and trees which creatures requirement for food and safe house. Slugs and bolts can without much of a stretch cut through trees and plants, decimating both creature homes and their dinners. Explosive and deposits from different weapons can likewise settle onto plants. Whenever ingested by a clueless herbivore, this can make then extremely sick and can even be deadly to them. At long last, when chasing creatures that live in the water, the vessels utilized dirty the seas and lakes the creatures call home, and harm creatures that get excessively near the propeller or engine. Vessels traveling through lakes store gas and oil into lakes, which can be deadly to sea-going life. They additionally drag litter into the water which is unsafe for fish and other submerged animals, yet for creatures, for example, otters and winged creatures also. Vessel engines and propellers can likewise be massively perilous to marine life, as they are sharp and can truly deform an honest animal. In this way, since chasing can demolish creatures as well as their living spaces, it ought to be denied.

Classic Cars Trivia is a game developed by SEGA. It is a game that is more fun than a regular trivia quiz. You can have fun solving and answering all kinds of questions in the Classic Cars Trivia. It is a great way to learn more about the type of cars you already know and even get some questions answered that you may not have realized before.All the fun and excitement of the Classic Games are brought into the Sega brand of games. This is how you can get a unique chance to get information about the classic cars. You can look at the pictures, hear the stories and play the games. All of these things will provide you with a great time.You are in a nice environment while playing this game. There is no fighting, shouting or any other harsh noise that often happens during a normal quiz. You can just have fun and find out the information about the old cars and the make of cars. Most people have heard of the famous brands and know that they are the best. You do not have to try to be clever in this game as the SEGA Brand provides all the information you need.The Classic Trivia was designed to make it easier for those who have limited experience to start in answering the questions. It gives an opportunity to get the right information about the make of cars. The games also include more than 50 games in the package. If you love the classic cars, you will enjoy the game. You can play at any time and from anywhere.Well, this game will be perfect for children and adults alike. It is quite simple to understand and that makes it easy for any age to play it. It is a great way to keep your children occupied. This is the perfect game for them. You can even takeit with you on holiday when you have to go out for vacation.You do not have to worry about the games being too difficult if you do not know much about cars. All you need to do is get the answer and you will get through it without too much effort. It is fun and relaxing and you can even take it with you when you go camping.In this game, you are given a set of questions that will help you identify the type of car you want to learn more about and it is the SEGA Brand of cars. After getting the set of questions, you have the choice to choose a specific kind of car. It is that simple.The most common question that you will be asked is about the features of the car. You will find that there are many questions and answers in the Classic Cars Trivia. The answers of the questions and the answers of the different car types are used in the various games that are present in the package.Some of the common questions that you will be asked to include the design of the cars like the famous brands, the color of the cars and the design of the cars that you might have heard of in movies and TV shows. You will also get questions about how the cars are made and how the car is built and assembled. Everything you need to know about the car will be available in the Classic Cars Trivia.Another type of question that you might fin d is what the best cars in the game are. This question is the same as the one used in a car game. It is about the features of the car and the color of the car.Another funny question that you might get is how many cars have been destroyed by fire. You will also get questions that are related to pollution and how the car will be powered. You will also get questions about the size of the engine and the safety features of the car.All the questions are included in the game and they will all be used in the different games that you will be playing in the Classic Games Trivia. You will find that it is a fun game that you can play all day long and you can also take it with you on holiday vacations.

The Key to Solving The American Organ Allocation Essay

Justin, a South Carolina college student, died at the age of 23 while on the waiting list for a lung transplant. When Justin was three months old he was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, a disease which affects the lungs. Throughout his childhood he coped with his illness but at the age of 20 his health took a turn for the worst. Justin was on the waiting list for two years but no lungs came available in time. Organ allocation in the United States of America has become a heavily debated subject in the medical field as well as the political and ethical fields. There is no doubt that there is a shortage of organs in the United States. In order to increase organ supply the American Department of Health should integrate the effective allocation†¦show more content†¦If not the family and relatives of the deceased needs to give consent. Every day in the United States twelve people die while waiting for an organ transplant list. Even if someone receives an organ transplant there is no guarantee that it will function properly or if the recipient will survive. If an organ is given to the person at the top of the list who has been on the list the longest that person is most likely to be the sickest, weakest and generally older than others on the list. When they receive the organ there is no guarantee that they will survive which would be a waste of a good organ. Hearts are an example of an organ that needs to be given to the right patient in order for the transplantation to be a success. Generally if a person receives a heart transplant before the age of 55 have a higher potential rate of living ten years after the operation then those 55 and older. A surgical resident at The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the leader of the study published in The Annals of Thoracic Surgery stated â€Å"There are 2,000 to 2,500 heart transplants a year in the U.S. and many people die waiting. We have to be very smart about how to allocate scarce organs, and our research suggests we can predict which patients will live longer with a new heart.† In order to have a higher success rate of long term successful transplants organs should no be given to the person on the top of theShow MoreRelatedThe United States Healthcare System1752 Words   |  8 Pagesin accessing the right primary care physician at the right time. Moreover, maldistribution of physicians onl y exacerbates the problem, especially for those residing in health professional shortage areas (HPSA).15 Approximately, sixty-five million Americans live in designated primary care shortage areas.13 Such underserved population faces higher disease and death rates and health disparities that then result in higher rates of hospitalizations and emergency department visits—in other words, expensiveRead MoreDarden Consulting Case Book25163 Words   |  101 PagesCONTENTS 1. The Consulting Case Interview 1. Structure of the Case Interview 2. Frameworks 3. The Math 2. Company Overviews Interview Processes 3. Practice Cases 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Bike DVD Rental Service in NYC Dry Wall Competitive Threat Organ Donation Case Central Power Chemicals, Inc. Hospital Profitability Contact Lens Manufacturer Growth TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT’D) 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. E-commerce in the Airline Industry Big Green Biofuels New Rubber PlantRead MoreNegoation4112 Words   |  17 Pagesfirst give an overview of past scholarly research on the topic, and then explore more current mental models of negotiation. We will also examine the possible hurdles to reaching agreements posed by cross cultural differences, particularly between American and Chinese business people. Finally, we discuss the relative importance of BATNAs (Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement) and contributions in the bargaining process. History of Negotiation Research In the 1960’s and 1970’s, the main issuesRead MoreThe Old Style Of Medicine3112 Words   |  13 Pagestreatments for hypertension. Chinese medicine has also been greatly embraced and most of the current methods used in treatment of hypertension have been derived from principles in Chinese medicine. It appears that traditional medicine is working in solving hypertension issues, especially evidenced by the progress made by patients. This worldwide problem needs to be effectively handled, lest individuals will remain prone to the problem without any long-term solution to hypertension. This paper examinesRead MoreInnovation in Cosmetic Industry8686 Words   |  35 Pagesin directed basic research. Innovation and the effective management of technology have become a top priority for nations as well as companies, to stimulate economic development and strengthen their competitiveness. Allocation of RD for the development of new businesses is seen as a key growth strategy b y firms in most parts of the world. New products are engines to growth and prosperity for all companies in the manufacturing sector or the service sector. In this article, an attempt has been madeRead MoreApproaches to Organisation and Management19498 Words   |  78 Pagesorganisations  and  management  practice. ââ€"  Ã‚  Ã‚  An  understanding  of  the  development  of  management  thinking  helps  in  understanding principles  underlying  the  process  of  management. ââ€"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Knowledge  of  the  history  helps  in  understanding  the  nature  of  management  and  organ- isational  behaviour  and  reasons  for  the  attention  given  to  main  topic  areas. ââ€"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many  of  the  earlier  ideas  are  of  continuing  importance  to  the  manager  and  later  ideas  on management  tend  to  incorporate  earlier  ideas  and  conclusions. ââ€"  Ã‚  Ã‚  ManagemeRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUPRead MoreOn the Interface between Operations and Human Resources Management16889 Words   |  68 PagesAND THOMAS Operations and Human Resources Management of stoppages were due to people-induced disruptions, the new manager eschewed the traditional OM focus on equipment-induced causes and worked instead to involve operators in the problem solving process (a traditional HRM topic). Several months were spent educating the workforce on the drivers of performance (e.g., the importance of bottlenecks) and setting up mechanisms for formally recognizing people for their successes (in nonmonetaryRead MoreEducation in the New Powerhouse Economies: Catching Up or Leading the Way?5758 Words   |  24 PagesIn recent years, China and India have both exploded onto the international education landscape as major global forces (Altbach 2009). China is considered one of the world’s most influential economies (OECD 2010b), whilst India is seen as playing a key role in the global knowledge economy (Agarwal 2007). India has also been described as â€Å"the science superpower of the Third World† (Altbach Chitnis 1993:1). The sheer scale of the education sectors in these countries is remarkable (Altbach ChitnisRead MoreFactors Affecting Job Performance in Public Agencies10154 Words   |  41 Pagesassociated. because neither study included organizational factors, it was unclear which organizational factors affected individual performance in the public sector. As a result, i introduce a theoretical research model in th is study that includes several key factors related to job characteristics, the work environment, and individual attributes. THEORETiCAL RESEARCH MODEL the theoretical research model is depicted in Figure 1. the underlying rationale of this model is that employee attitudes about job

The Legend Of Neil Armstrong - 915 Words

Mr. Griffin English IV December 6, 2014 The Legend of Neil Armstrong There is no doubt that Neil Armstrong changed the world forever. He was the first astronaut to set foot on the moon. He also made a huge impact on the studies we conduct today in space. His expertise, attitude, and profound statement on humanity all reveal how this legendary man changed the world. Armstrong’s expertise was made possible by his aviation career. His flight interest began at an age earlier than most. At age fourteen, he was working towards getting his pilot s license (Fleming 1). This early fascination lead to a career of flying that would take him on many adventures. At age eighteen, he joined the air force academy, where he flew nearly 80 combat missions. After his time was served, he started flying test planes for the air force. He was beginning to be aware of any air vehicles limits, as he had some very close calls with crashes. In 1962, he flew the experimental X-15 plane, which was basically a missile that could be piloted. He was then offered a part in another project from an experimental space program called NASA. He was very adept at learning new flight systems by this point. For the first time in history, he docked with another orbiting body in a vehicle called the Gemini 8 (Fleming 1). It started to tumble uncontrollably, but Armstron g kept his cool, and detached from the spacecraft narrowly avoiding catastrophe. It was later he was offered the biggest mission of hisShow MoreRelatedEssay On The Space Race707 Words   |  3 Pagespowers in the Eastern Bloc and powers in the Western Bloc.† (History.com staff, 2010) and lasted from 1945-1990. In this essay, I will be writing about one event of the Cold War- the Space Race: first person in space, first person on the moon, and Neil Armstrong. One of the first events during the Space Race, was the first person to go to space. The Soviets won this part of the race. Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet astronaut, was the first person to ever enter space. He went on April 12, 1961, in the Vostok spacecraftRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy1608 Words   |  7 Pagescan be accomplished. It took eight years to accomplish Kennedy s goal to have a man on the moon. Apollo 11 was the spaceship that went up to the moon. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Woody Buzz Aldrin Jr. were the first humans to ever step foot on the moon, accomplishing Kennedy s dream (The Decision). When Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon he declared That s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind. This was the moment that announced America s victory over the Soviet UnionRead More Courage is The Right Stuff by Tom Wolfe Essay example956 Words   |  4 Pagesperson is placed in a dangerous situation. BIBLIOGRAPHY Wolfe, Tom. The Right Stuff. New York, NY: Bantam Books, 2001. Wolfes novel describes the early years of the manned rocket flight era. He tells stories from legends like Chuck Yeager, Allen Shepard, Neil Armstrong, and Gordon Cooper. These stories tell about their histories from screenings to become astronauts to being record-setting test pilots.Read More Music Of The 60s Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesharmony†. It was called this because of the peace movement and the emergence of the flower children. (Britannica) The sixties were about assassination, unforgettable fashion, new styles of music, civil rights, gay and women’s liberation, Vietnam, Neil Armstrong landing on the moon, peace marches, sexual freedom, drug experimentation, and Woodstock. All of these components caused a revolutionary change in the world of popular Music. The beginning of Rock and roll started with The Twist. by Chubby CheckerRead MoreExploration Of The Cosmos Shakes2760 Words   |  12 Pagesof man and the cosmos. Share on basic research and experiments. Show-term study of the cosmos and the universe. Let us at least for a few minutes, try to feel the atmosphere of the time, looking back and make sure that, as a step-by-step legends are born. Legend cosmic childhood of mankind ... introduction It would be a profound mistake to assume that the space age began suddenly and, therefore, by chance, removing other purely terrestrial alternative to human development. Exit man in space has itsRead MoreSpace Exploration Of The Cosmos Shakes2804 Words   |  12 Pagesof man and the cosmos. Share on basic research and experiments. Show-term study of the cosmos and the universe. Let us at least for a few minutes, try to feel the atmosphere of the time, looking back and make sure that, as a step-by-step legends are born. Legend cosmic childhood of Humanity. It would be a profound mistake to assume that the space age began at once, and therefore, by chance, removing other purely terrestrial alternative to human development. Exit man in space has its ideological backgroundRead MoreThe Man Who Changed Our World3426 Words   |  14 PagesMecca (Wilkinson 8). Muhammad accompanied his uncle on trading journeys which took him to Syria, where he had his first experience with his future career, commercial trading. On one journey, Muhammad encountered a Christian monk who, according to legend, foretold that Muhammad would become a prophet of God. Muhammad later married a 40-year-old widow, while he himself was only 25 (Muhammad). Muhammad did not belong to any established religion, but he would regularly go to a cave in the mountainsRead MoreMooncake Festival4666 Words   |  19 Pagesknown. The moon plays a significant part of this festival. In Hong Kong, any open space or mountain top is crowded with people trying to get a glimpse of this seasons auspicious full moon. First lady on the moon: It is generally conceded that Neil Armstrong , the American astronaut, was the first man on moon ( he made that historic landing in 1969). But thats not necessarily the truth to Chinese, who believe that the first people on the moon was a beautiful woman who lived during the Hsia dynastyRead MoreAnalysis of the Music Industry30024 Words   |  121 Pagessales, with a 40% market share. Current recording stars on UMG include Andrea Bocelli, Anne-Sophie Mutter, Luciano Pavarotti and Bryn Terfel. UMG is also the world leader in jazz, through Verve Music Group (with a back catalogue ranging from Louis Armstrong through Count Basie to John Coltrane and Herbie Hancock) and in musical soundtracks and cast recordings (e.g. Mamma Mia, Cats, Phantom of the Opera). Financial Results Universal Music Group International Ltd is the division that manages UMG sRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesSchool of Business, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail cases@ivey.uwo.ca. Copyright 0 2002, Zvey Management Services Version: (A)2002-12-09 On April 8, 2001, Mark Armstrong, angry and in a state of disbelief, sat at his desk and stared at the closed office door in front him. Moments before, he had finished a meeting with Melissa Cartwright, the testing team lead, who informed him of some disturbing news regarding his

Essay on Jay Gatsby A Tragic Hero - 1084 Words

Tragedy, then, is a process of imitating an action which has serious implications, is complete, and possesses magnitude; by means of language which has been made sensuously attractive, with each of its varieties found separately in the parts; enacted by the persons themselves and not presented through narrative; through a course of pity and fear completing the purification (catharsis) of such emotions. (Aristotle) The â€Å"tragic hero† is an indefatigable staple in all mediums of literature. Although the term’s defining characteristics have morphed since its initial inception by Aristotle those many millennia ago, the main idea has endured. To be a tragic hero, several requirements must be met. The formula begins with a character that†¦show more content†¦And this feeling does not dissipate, but in fact is reinforced immediately. No more than two pages into the novel is Gatsby described by Nick in a way that would make any sinner seem saintly, with the grand compliment of, â€Å"If personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures, then there was something gorgeous about him...† (2). Sincerity and a true genuineness of character: these are valued immensely in society, a fact not lost on Fitzgerald. By immediately establishing Gatsby’s admirable qualities, he firmly plants the roots that provide a perfect framework for the perfect tragic hero. Howev er, this is not to say that Jay Gatsby should be a revered literary figure. Throughout the course of the book he repeatedly does not live up to the standards set for him both by the title, and by that initial summary from Nick. Simply put, he is a realistically imperfect human on a level akin to that of many other characters in the novel. Along with his admirable qualities exists the â€Å"tragic flaw† that defines him as a tragic hero. Gatsby is a disillusioned man, who is unable to separate the real from the ideal. After initially being rejected by Daisy because of his less than favorable economic status, he pitifullyShow MoreRelatedEssay Jay Gatsby: The Tragic Hero in The Great Gatsby1332 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle, a tragic hero character can be defined to be of noble status, but not necessarily virtuous. There is some aspect of his personality that he has in great abundance but it is this that becomes his tragic flaw and leads to his ultimate demise. However, his tr agic ending should not simply sadden the reader, but teach him or her a life lesson. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jay Gatsby is the tragic hero who portrays the corruption of the American dream through his tragic flaw. HisRead More Jay Gatsby as Tragic Hero of Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesJay Gatsby as Tragic Hero of Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby According to Aristotle, there are a number of characteristics that identify a tragic hero: he must cause his own downfall; his fate is not deserved, and his punishment exceeds the crime; he also must be of noble stature and have greatness. These are all characteristics of Jay Gatsby, the main character of Fitzgeralds novel, The Great Gatsby.   Jay Gatsby is a tragic hero according to Aristotles definition.  Ã‚   Jay Gatsby is an enormouslyRead MoreTo What Extent Can Gatsby Be Considered a Tragic Hero?1014 Words   |  5 Pagescan Gatsby be considered a tragic hero? Before we can judge if Jay Gatsby is a tragic hero, we should look at the exact deï ¬ nition of a tragic hero. According to the classic deï ¬ nition, a tragic hero is a  «great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat »1, and Oedipus, from the Greek Legends, is deï ¬ ned as the classic tragic hero. So, is Gatsby then a classic tragic hero, by deï ¬ nition? ! Even if the book itself is called  «Great Gatsby », isRead MoreTo What Extent Can Gatsby Be Considered a Tragic Hero?1023 Words   |  5 Pagesextent can Gatsby be considered a tragic hero? Before we can judge if Jay Gatsby is a tragic hero, we should look at the exact deï ¬ nition of a tragic hero. According to the classic deï ¬ nition, a tragic hero is a  «great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat »1, and Oedipus, from the Greek Legends, is deï ¬ ned as the classic tragic hero. So, is Gatsby then a classic tragic hero, by deï ¬ nition? ! Even if the book itself is called  «Great Gatsby », is JayRead More Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and the Tragic Hero Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Gatsby and the Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle invented a list of criteria in an attempt to determine the exact definition of a tragic hero.   The list states the following - the tragic hero must cause his own down fall; the tragic heros fate is undeserved; the tragic heros punishment exceeds his crime; the tragic hero must be a great and noble person according to the standards of the current society.   In Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby can be defined as a tragic hero who possessesRead MoreThe Secret Life Of Jay Gatsby1632 Words   |  7 PagesThe Secret Life of Jay Gatsby The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is meticulously written to portray characters as soul sucking, money thriving, moral lacking individuals who are thrashed by his language, and scrupulous descriptions. Gatsby is depicted as a suave, cordial, and prosperous gentleman who is trying to raise himself in the ranks of riches, and approval. At first glance, it is hard to tell if there is a clear hero, or someone with qualities thereof; at least in the traditional senseRead MoreThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald The American Dream is the fantasy of complete independence and self-reliance mixed with the opportunity to attain wealth through ones labours. On the surface, this dream seems almost enchanted, offering people the unique prospect of achieving success regardless of ones race, religion or family history. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is an immortal illustration of the American Dream. Fitzgerald analysesRead MoreEssay Outline Introduction: ANT A=Attention Getter: N=Necessary Information: In â€Å"The Great700 Words   |  3 PagesGetter: N=Necessary Information: In â€Å"The Great Gatsby,† by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Nick Carroway, the narrator, has recently moved from the midwest to start his career in New York. He lives on the island of West Egg, next door to a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby. Nick becomes friends with him and learns that Gatsby is in love with his cousin Daisy. They never married because Gatsby had to go off into the military and he was not rich enough for her, so when Gatsby was shipped overseas, Daisy married anotherRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgeralds Personl Influences on The Great Gatsby1762 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Let us learn to show our friendship for a man when he is alive and not after he is dead.† (Fitzgerald, 1925). The Great Gatsby is a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, published in 1925, and takes place in 1922. The novel greatly exemplifies the time period that it takes place in, known as â€Å"The Roaring Twenties† or â€Å"The Jazz Age†. One way of exemplification is prohibition and the Volstead Act. According to David J. Hanson from Potsdam.edu, the Volstead Act, which took place in 1919, establishedRead MoreEssay about F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby1480 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Any American is taught a dream that is purged of all truth. The American Dream is shown to the world as a belief that anyone can do anything; when in reality, life is filled with impossible boundaries. In the novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald gives us a glimpse into the life of the upper class during the roaring twenties through the eyes of a moralistic young man named Nick Carraway. It is through the narrators dealings with the upper class that

Analysis of Steve Jobs leadership

Questions: 1.Demonstrates how a range of leadership theories, approaches and perspectives apply to the leadership style of Steve Jobs? 2.Include an evaluation of Steve Jobs leadership style during his time at Apple in the context of the contemporary leadership? Answers: 1.Comparison between Steve Jobs and Tim Cook It can be said that both of these individuals thatisJobs and Cook had been facing the pressure at work and they have spent lots of years workingtowardsthe perfection and abilityto movethe people out of the business who were not performing well. When Jobswasthe CEO, the clients were in a beneficial positionbecause hehad an ability to get the best out of the employeesand provide with the most excellent quality of goodshowever itwasn't easy to work with Jobs (McInerney, 2017). There have been different leadership traits shown by both the leaders thatareJobs and Cook. These two leaders have been focussing on their own ideologiesfor locationof course, strategies of marketing and client contentment. The different leadership styles have been followed and these have been discussed underneath with comparison among both ofthem innovationof product: there was a strategy of producing "insanely good items "atApple,when Jobs was in the position. He would make best of his efforts tocreate anyitem. In case any worker would be on vacation on leave, he would want him to work overnight to carry out the required transformations (Proctor, Bicknell, 2012). This way he was not considerate about the psychological harm to the workers. Therefore he treated the human resources just as stalls for making great items or services for the customers all over the world. Rather, Tim Cookgives properattention to each and every aspectinthe business. Herealiseswhat the workers want and also focuses on the social responsibility my betterment of the work environment. This change in leadership has led to a high impact on the innovation met thirds of Apple. The leadership of Steve Jobs created rebels however thing who has a gentlestrategy whichmakes the business to be conventional in approach. As for different studies by the professionals of the industry, during the leadership of Cook, Apple had started to update thecurrent lineof course rather than bringing any revolution totablesuch as iPad,iPhoneand iPods. As for the employees of Apple, Steve Jobs had been a CEO off the warfare. He came back to Apple when the business was suffering and so he was extraordinary confident and his aggressive nature brought Apple back to the market. At that point of time digression was appreciated however after gaining the reputation of global leader in communication technology, he was advised that this aggression had to be controlled somehow. However Cook seems to be very come in nature and he is not aggressive therefore the business has taken a gentle turn (Steinwart, Ziegler, 2014). As per book, Steve was focused to words the development of innovative ports in excellent products however he ignored the interest of his workforce and considers them only as ways of fulfilling the goals of the company. However Cook has been focusing on all the aspects of the business. Prior to Cook, there was a complicated financial and operating of situation. Even though Jobs had been providing with an example of visionary leadership by providing with innovative designs, still there was a compromise on the Quality side. There were also issues because of rising costs and bad accessibility of the items. Apple had been a constant player in the market but by Cook taking over the organization, there was a revolution. He turned out to be a change agent for the policies of competitiveness and marketing. He was experienced at IBM where he had gained knowledge of supply change management. Therefore Cook brought in huge amendments in designing, reducing, marketing strategies of Apple. His leadership style is based on the theory that there is simple way out is for every complicated issue. For working towards this theory, he initiated huge marketing campaigns, expense saving strategies and engineering tasks. Even though Cook has shown that he has been talented to Control Apple as a company still there or various things which he lacks, in comparison to Jobs. Jobs had a real charismatic power. His charismatic leadership, brilliance was recognised for his capacity to make the workforce cry. He could get work done from people at any point of time. Cook also has brilliance and can also manage people well. There is one common characteristic of both the leaders which is competitiveness. 2.Analysis of Steve Jobs leadership approch regarding the contemporary leadership Steve Jobs have been a transformational leader because he laid his goals himself and performed extraordinarily to attain those. Steve Jobs had been an exceptional leader and is thought out to be a leading figure in the two industries that is computer industry and entertainment industry. He had made a huge effect on the contemporary community by his involvement, achievements that he got in the industry. He had a tough style of managing. The major challenges which are usually faced by the global leaders have been categorised into six types. Both these leaders anyhow face these challenges consistently. These are: Building managerial efficiency, motivating and inspiring other people, development of staff members, Leading the team, initiating and managing change, dealing with internal stakeholders and business politics. The Contemporary leaders have to lead and motivate a diversify team of individuals, performed across the business boundaries, and hence the affectedness and also focus on the development. Externally also they experience a complicated and globalised situation and therefore they have to deal with the needs of the government for competitors and stakeholders. In this contemporary world, there are various cultures in ward there for the leaders have to be Aware of them, in order to be successful. They have to work beyond the cultural boundaries and also with people who are not like them and differ in terms of getting work completed. The major challenges faced by contemporary leaders have been segregated into six common heads. The leaders face challenge of developing the required capabilities like management of time, privatising, decision making, and strategy making and also matching the pace of the work. These leaders have to motivate other people also so that they are contented with their job roles. In case of Steve Jobs, the implies had been considered as weird tools for carrying out the job however the contemporary leaders need to know the art of motivating people to work in the smarter way. The leaders need to build a team, develop 13 and manage it by instilling of pride in it and supporting it. The leaders also need to aware of the ways of managing a huge team and also about the ways of taking over a fresh team. Change management is also a great issue which has to be handled very carefully by the leaders. There are various employees who resist change and a successful leader is one who can overcome such resi stance and deal with the workers in an efficient manner. The leaders have to deal with the relationship management and image building of the business. Not like Steve Jobs, rather like Tim Cook, the leaders have gained the managerial support and also to get by in from different divisions, teens and people. Since Apple is a huge company therefore the workload is highly challenging and there are many unique innovative and critical projects carried out with handful of resources in the team ("Steve Jobs vs Tim Cook: Who is Better As a CEO of Apple?", 2017). Therefore the leaders have to juggle the priorities at the forefront. The biggest challenge faced by contemporary leaders like Tim Cook is that the global business environment ensures that the businesses will always be facing dramatic changes beyond their control. Conclusion and Recommendations It is very clear that the contemporary leaders face more complications all over the globe. Even though Steve Jobs was not appreciated by many however being a visionary, lots of people also find his leadership style to be attractive. Tim Coke can be termed as an ideal leader for Apple if the contemporary issues and gentler work approaches are to be kept in mind. Steve Jobs was anyhow one of the big giant off the computer business. His leadership style has been compared to many however the new challenge for Tim Cook is to move out of the shadow of Jobs. One more leadership skills of Jobs forced to cough being patient. He did not rush anything and required more time in preparing what he did. He had been totally focused on the products to be provided and to Swiss francs ability end to end. At the foreign Jobs and is tiny thing created a design for the latest Macintosh, in the beginning of 80s, he wanted to create an insanely great product (Hardy, 2017). He was not focused to words maximi sation of profits or trade of among the expenses. He wanted no compromises and wanted to deliver the best product which would bring revolution in the computer industry. Theory of Jobs was to focus on creating great items and does the profits followed on their own. Similarly John Sculley who also managed Apple from 1983 to 1993 had been focused more two words the maximising revenues rather than designs. This theory of Scully led to a gradual decline in the business of Apple. Concluding the same, Jobs had put everything into the business be it his personality, stress, weaknesses and his way of lading. He had been a task oriented leader and was always focused to words his job and business performance, ignoring what public, Staff members all individuals felt about him and his ways of lading. He was an unconventional leader and had a confidence on his own style of managing ("5 Surprising Insights About Steve Jobss Management Style", 2017). He had a belief in whatever he did. His demand of excellence from the workers led to great criticism for him. He had an ability to make people follow him even if they did not want to audit not preferable. He was a great Resource to Apple because of his unconventional mail fleeting. He believed in Duckers theory of old-fashioned way of leadership. He did not take leadership like a rule or responsibility rather he took it as a position or ranking therefore he treated other implies as mere resources for attaining the busines s goals. It is recommended that the new styles are applied and not just the style of Steve is followed, rather a mix of styles of Jobs and Cook is beneficial. References 5 Surprising Insights About Steve Jobss Management Style. (2017). Fast Company. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from https://www.fastcompany.com/3044205/5-surprising-insights-about-steve-jobs-management-style Hardy, E. (2017). With Steve Jobs Passing, Apple Looks to New Leadership. Brighthand.com. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from https://www.brighthand.com/news/with-steve-jobs-passing-apple-looks-to-new-leadership/ McInerney, S. (2017). Steve Jobs: an unconventional leader. Executive Style. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from https://www.executivestyle.com.au/steve-jobs-an-unconventional-leader-1lcmo Poomath, J. (2014). Book Review: Yukari Iwatani Kane, Haunted Empire: Apple after Steve Jobs. Paradigm, 18(2), 239-241. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971890714558711 Proctor, N., Bicknell, T. (2012). Apple After Steve Jobs, Re: Museums. Curator: The Museum Journal, 55(4), 479-485. Steinwart, M., Ziegler, J. (2014). Remembering Apple CEO Steve Jobs as a Transformational Leader. Journal Of Leadership Education, 13(2), 52-66. Steve Jobs vs Tim Cook: Who is Better As a CEO of Apple?. (2017). Igeeksblog.com. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from https://www.igeeksblog.com/steve-jobs-vs-tim-cook/

My Secret Ambition Essay Example

My Secret Ambition Essay Childhood is the best time of a person’s life Many people will probably agree that childhood is the best time of ones life. But not every childhood is happy. Some children may be born in a poor family or under such circumstances that make their lives bad. In my opinion, childhood is the happiest time of a persons life in most cases. Why is childhood the best stage of ones life? Lets consider common circumstances. The child is born in good family, he or she has parents who love and take care of him or her. The kid can go to school, learn, read and write and play with friends and schoolmates. The child is not worried about an adults problems like to have everything ready for work, pay bills, survive till next paycheck etc. Kids dont pay attention to problems like policy, global warming, high criminality or problems of the third world. Then childhood is the happiest time of ones life. You should see parents at the time of their 1st child! They will be so full of joy but what about the child who is screaming and yelling and probably looking like a shrunken prune! We will write a custom essay sample on My Secret Ambition specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Secret Ambition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Secret Ambition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The 1st stage of childhood is as sad for the kid as it is as happy for the parents. 5 years later; the kid would look like a picture of happiness mostly when running round and round in the park, squealing with delight while playing with new little friends. Suddenly cries are heard around the park, looks like the kid has got hurt. That scene didn’t last too long-the Childs parents rushed to the scene and comforted the child with love! In next to no time the child was playing again as if nothing had happened! Years roll by when kids reach an age when old trend parents don’t appear to comprehend their adolescent who is in his teens and wants to enjoy every moment of it with his friends. As you know teens, they hate to admit it but sometimes even studies seem appealing as one gets to know what is out there in space or may be learn about new countries in other continents. They even get to express their feelings and their wild imaginations through works of art. Soon when a person reaches at the stage of an adult, responsibilities pour into a person’s life like rain. Worries never the less keep on mounting. A problem is not solved when another arises. A person might wish he/she was a duty free senseless baby who is totally dependant on its parents. But life isn’t all bad, it is like climbing a rocky mountain with many boulders in between. In conclusion, childhood is the happiest time of a persons life in most cases. It depends on circumstances and the number of bad childhood is not small either. One cant chose where he or she will be born.

Capital Punishment13 essays

Capital Punishment13 essays ?The?Capital punishment is the infliction of the death penalty on persons convicted of a crime.? This has been a topic of debate for many years. ?Why do we kill people to prove killing people is wrong The 1st argument I have against capital punishment is that it's unconstitutional. Every person has an equal right tolife, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.? This is a quote from American Civil Liberty Union National Office,Capital punishment is a barbaric remnant of an uncivilized society. It is immoral in principle, and unfair and discriminatory in practice.? Does the government have the right to kill? Maybe in self defense, like a policeman firing on a armed and dangerous criminal. Suppose we apply the same standards to the government that we have for civilians. A civilian has the right to shoot at an intruder as he is entering his home but if the civilian catches the intruder and has him under his control, the shooting him would be considered murder. That's what capital punishment is...simple murder. Against: I agree that capital punishment is a relic of barbarism but as murder itself is barbaric, death is a fitting punishment for it. It goes along with the ?eye for an eye? principle. For example, someone steals $10 from you and then the person who stole your money has the same thing happen to them? Doesn't that satisfy you? Many feel the same about murders who are sentence to die. The criminal has brought the punishment upon himself, they The 8th amendment of the us constitution, condemn gruel and unusual punishment is used to protest capital punishment. For:: When the constitution was drafted, capital punishment was practiced widely in this country, yet it was not specified as wrong or as cruel and unusual. John Locke went as far to say that murder is ...

Satisfying all stakeholders when the business is competing in mature Essay - 1

Satisfying all stakeholders when the business is competing in mature product markets is difficult. Discuss - Essay Example Another handicap facing mature products is that the markets they operate in are likely to be mature as well, making growth prospects for the product as well as industry very tough. The rest of this essay will present various factors that have a bearing on stakeholders when a business is competing in mature product markets. Shareholders are one of the main (if not the most important) stakeholders to a company’s prospects. And equity markets are the arena where they can hope to claim their rewards. But increasing share price on a consistent and non-volatile manner is very difficult in mature product markets. For example, â€Å"Equity markets both reward companies that outpace growth in their sector and that show significantly higher price/earnings multiples than their competitors. But, since 80 per cent of equity markets grow only as fast as their country's gross domestic product - that is, at a rate that rarely pushes beyond the low single digits, an organization that seeks to outpace a mature equity market and achieve double-digit revenue growth faces a steep uphill climb. A company can attempt to take market share, but competitors in a mature market will work just as vigorously to defend their customer base. Higher revenue does not always signal success anyway, since revenue gains almost always hurt margins, and can precipitate a price war that devalues the entire market.† (Magrath, 2005) The telecommunications industry offers opportunities for studying marketability of mature products. This is so because, although digital and satellite communications technology were invented only a couple of decades ago, the rapid rate of growth ensured maturity of both the industry as well as its products. The recent developments in the telecommunications industry in the Middle East illustrates common challenges faced by mature products and mature markets. The quarterly performance of these telecom companies after the first quarter of 2009 shows how growth can be stagnant or in decline for mature product markets. During this period, Saudi Telecom reported a whopping 69 percent dip in its net profit figures. Etisalat, another major firm in the region, reported a 20 percent drop in profits in the same period. Smaller players too, including Maroc Telecom and Zain, performed likewise. (Hadfield, 2009) These examples illustrate how difficult it has become for managements to satisfy stakeholders in a mature product business. It is a sign of problems identified with mature markets that investors are looking at opportunities in emerging markets. An increasing share of the world’s capital is now being directed to equities and other derivative products in emerging economies. In the era of globalization, the flow of financial capital is a vital parameter. Financial products and derivative products transacted via stock exchanges trans-nationally have matured as a product over the years. This means that there is now vast empirical data to draw theories upon. This has also had the effect of increasing the degree of volatility in these markets. Investment firms and individual investors look toward emerging markets despite their high volatility due to the following reasons: higher average returns, lower correlations than developed markets, and more predictable returns. Each of these characteristics has made the volatility

The Attack on Black Tom Island (Known as Liberty State Park) June Research Paper

The Attack on Black Tom Island (Known as Liberty State Park) June 30th, 1916 - Research Paper Example Introduction The location of Black Tom Island was at the convergence of Upper New York Harbor and the Hudson River, on the New Jersey side of the bay, immediately offshore of Jersey City. Initially, it was actually little more than a forested mudflat. The name of the island accrues from one resident, who resided in the island referred to as Tom. Studies indicate that this dark-skinned inhabited the island for a long time. Around 1880, a there was erected a causeway to link the island to the Jersey shore and the builders also constructed a railroad on the causeway. Expansion also occurred in the island with landfills and there was construction of warehouses and piers. The Lehigh Valley Railroad Company owned and controlled the railway while the National Dock and Storage Company managed the warehouses. The use of these facilities was for shipping all-purpose consignment (Bryant, 2009). Black Tom was approximately 1,200 feet. It encompassed approximately 20 acres, magnitude of roughly 8 00 feet north and south and 1,200 feet east and west. German saboteurs destroyed the Black Tom warehouse before the United States went into World War I (Groundspeak, Inc, 2011). The attack of Black Tom Island and the resulting explosion of July 30, 1916 in New Jersey was an operation of sabotage on American armory supplies by German agents. The German agents did this as a way of preventing their Allies from using such powerful ammunitions in the First World War. The extension that occurred in the Island by use of landfill added up the boundaries of the Island to the limits of Jersey City. The ammunitions majorly stored in the Island came from the northeast (Unsolvedmysteries.com, 2011). The attack was successful since general rules favored the attackers in a great way although technically, America was a neutral nation during the explosion. Many people thought that the major aim of the attack was for the persuasion of the America to join the Allies and arbitrate in the war in Europe (Waronyou.com, 2011). The attack on Black Tom Island Before a 1915 obstruction of the Central Powers by the British Royal Navy, American companies were open to trade their materials to any buyer, but during the time of the attack, Germans were the solitary likely customers. Investigations indicated that during the night of the explosion, there were two million pounds of ammunition stored at the warehouse in cargo vehicles. This included one hundred thousand pounds of TNT on the Johnson Barge No.17, all pending for final delivery to France and Britain (Unsolvedmysteries.com, 2011). Investigations on the explosion also indicate that there was prior planning before the attack. In 1914, immediately after the beginning of war in Europe, the German administration posted a new ambassador in Washington. Count Johann Von Bernstorff came with a group staff not of envoys, but of trained German intelligence operators. In addition, the staff had an abnormally high budget of 150 million dollars. Although the staff carried out normal consular duties, they also guided a system of other agents in the Unites States. They selected targets for damage, and used their funds to purchase materials and bribe officials. In addition, German agents, for instance master spy Franz von Rintelen, endeavored to augment the injuries imposed by their attacks. Von Rintelen invented a volatile charge called a pencil bomb devised to explode when a ship was already out to sea

Literacies for Learning Essay Example for Free

Literacies for Learning Essay The necessity for educational institutions to equip students with the skills to cope in a rapidly changing, culturally diverse and globalised 21st century society, has led academics, such as the New London Group, to encourage educators to acknowledge the various literacy forms utilised in the new millennium (The New London Group, 1996) and to adopt a pedagogy of multiliteracies. This essay will explore the components of a pedagogy of multiliteracies and identify the transformations needed for the successful implementation of multiliteracies into educational practice. Likewise, the notion of language as a social practice which influences teaching content and assessment practices in secondary education will be examined, as will the use of multiliteracies in the teaching of the Mathematics curriculum. To understand the role of multiliteracies in pedagogy theory development, it is important to define the term literacy. Literacy is an evolving term that refers to an individual’s ability to construct and comprehend meaning via the accepted symbol systems of one’s country or language group (Winch, Johnston, March, Ljungdahl, Holliday, 2010). These symbol systems include written and spoken language and visual information such as icons and other graphical information. While literacy was traditionally viewed as a cognitive process with a focus on reading, writing and numeracy identification, in recent years its definition has become broadened to encompass the burgeoning text types being generated via multimedia and information technology (Winch et al., 2010). These electronic text types have quickly established themselves as integral components of a diverse range of 21st century vocations and social interactions (Tan, 2006).  A pedagogy of multiliteracies encompasses multimedia and digital text forms as well as traditional written and spoken texts. Likewise, the central role of literacy in a diverse range of knowledge domains and vocations has resulted in educators being encouraged to view literacy as a vital skill underpinning successful teaching and learning in all curriculum areas. The New London Group (1996) viewed the role of design as an ever changing paradigm of three stage teaching and learning processes. The first step, ‘Available Designs’ is determining what resources are available. These resources include texts, symbols, audio and visual resources. The second step is ‘Designing’ which takes these ‘Available Designs’ and places them within a social context, such as the classroom or learning environment, and is facilitated by an individual such as a teacher. This step creates an output with new meaning for both the learning environment and facilitator. This knowledge or new meaning is known as ‘Redesign’ (The New London Group, 1996). Literacy is a social practice that is not just taught in secondary schools, it is something which is part of each individual’s everyday life. According to Anstey Bull (2000), the way in which an individual may read the world will be strongly linked to the contexts of their own life. The NSW Department of Education and Training (2006) maintains that literacy is a skill that continues to grow and develop and is fundamental to students’ success at school as well as for the rest of their life. For literacy to be successful in schools, it is planned in collaboration with parents and teachers. This collaborative approach reinforces that literacy is inherently a social practice. This approach must include a range of social influences and practices, in order to increase student’s knowledge and skill in the real world for real purposes (NSW Department of Education and Training, 2006). As literacy development is undoubtedly a whole school and community approach, it is essential that a multiliteracies pedagogy, be utilised in the teaching of all curriculum areas. The impact of societal and cultural change is clearly reflected in the mathematics curriculum through the use of digital technologies such as graphical programs and spreadsheets. This use of technology provides numerous opportunities for the teaching of multiliteracies. Through explicit teaching and learning  experiences of digital texts, students are provided with the skills to successfully navigate and comprehend information communicated digitally. These skills can be acquired through students being provided with opportunities to access information via Internet websites. Likewise, students can use information technology to construct their own texts, thus allowing them to communicate their understanding of concepts to others. This may be achieved by encouraging students to construct texts through the use of software programs such as Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Visio, both of which allow students to communicate information graphically. These digital mediums allow students to acquire skills which will assist them in acquiring real world skills which they can utilise to gain and construct meaning, both in and out of the classroom. (Winch et al., 2010). Technology is an essential part of the transformations taking place in the social, political, cultural and economic spheres of contemporary society (Groundwater- Smith, Brennan, McFadden, Mitchell and Munns, 2009). Secondary school teachers need to prepare students with the skills necessary for life in a rapidly changing, technological world. In order to equip students with these skills, teachers must possess deep knowledge of relevant technologies (Treadwell, 2008). The Mathematics curriculum includes teaching of: statistics, probability, algebra, financial concepts, economics, technology, measurement and trigonometry. These strands include skills applicable to an individual’s school/work life, social life and personal life. Mathematics content areas, focus on aspects of society, reform, technology and life skills. It is important for teachers to link the social practice of literacy with the factors of a pedagogy of multiliteracies to create the best teaching environment they can (The New London Group, 1996). Walsh (2006) cites an example of successfully teaching his students literacy practices, through social relationships. Students worked in groups and were able to demonstrate specific social language structures. They were able to â€Å"enact, recognise and negotiate† in a social environment (The New London Group, 1996, p. 3) by design and re-design of Internet web pages. The created web pages were diverse, with each student using their own discourse to create what they believed the web page should contain. Prior to using multi-modal and digital literacy mediums in their teaching, it is essential that teachers be aware of cognitive and language factors in learning. The  ability to use multimodal learning, digital literacies and genres specific to each curriculum area must be carefully planned by the teacher. According to Winch et al., (2010) a multiliteracy pedagogy involves developing the ability to use language purposefully and skillfully in a range of social settings, rather than learning isolated segments of knowledge such as grammar conventions and spelling. Multiliteracy includes the use and creation of multimodal and multimedia texts (Winch et al., 2010). Multiliteracy seeks to address the rapid changes in literacy brought about by globalisation, cultural and social diversity and information technology (Winch et al., 2010). In response to these societal changes, The New London Group (1996), questioned the role of schools and outlined a need for change in literacy teaching due to key changes in three areas of life: working life, public life and personal life (life worlds). Central to these changes, was the need for schools to integrate learning with life experiences that students have both in and out of the classroom. â€Å"As these three major realms of social activity have shifted, so the roles and responsibilities of schools must shift† (The New London Group, 1996, p.18). The New London Group advocated for a change in the way, education was delivered, by enhancing the existing structures and overlaying with a new â€Å"what† and â€Å"how† of literacy teaching (The New London Group, 1996). The ‘how’ of pedagogy comes from a view of how learning is acquired, embedded and utilised. The New London Group (1996) proposed that a pedagogy of multiliteracies is a complex blend of four methods of design. The first is Situated Practice which involves learning by creating meaningful learning experiences that allow students be in an environment where the learning replicates the social use of what is being learnt. It is an environment where risks can be taken and ‘trial and error’ is used to gain mastery of skills or knowledge. It should be used â€Å"developmentally, to guide learners to the experiences and the assistance they need to develop further as members of the community, capable of drawing on, and ultimately contributing to, the full range of it’s resources.† (The New London Group, 1996, p. 33). Situated Practice should be designed to motivate students to want to know, and engage students in their learning in a safe environment . Assessment or evaluation is not considered part of Situated Practice. Overt Instruction is the second method of how a pedagogy of mulitliteracies is  implemented.  This involves teachers guiding and using effective teaching techniques such as scaffolding or explicit instruction to build student’s knowledge and confidence. Examination of the current secondary school’s Mathematics curriculum, (NSW department of Education and Training, 2010) reveals many opportunities for teachers and students to collaborate and engage in dialogue related to mathematical concepts which will guide and provide a scaffold for student learning. For example, the teacher makes links with prior learning, through asking open questions to the group, and uses multi-modal methods such as mathematical symbols, diagrams, charts and pictures to add to the learning. With each progression of new learning in the lesson, the teacher labels a new part of the diagram. Overt Instruction â€Å".includes centrally the sorts of collaborative efforts between teacher and student wherein the student is both allowed to accomplish a task more complex than they can accompli sh on their own and they are conscious of the teacher’s representation and interpretation of that task.† (The New London Group (1996, p. 20). Thirdly, Critical Framing focuses on the â€Å"how† of a pedagogy of multiliteracies, through the use and application of real world knowledge. This method is where assessment and evaluation of one’s self understanding can begin in relation to cultural, social, political and historical influences on what has been learned (New London Group, 1996). Teachers are able to encourage students to apply their learning in a practical sense and assess the transfer of student’s knowledge or skill. This knowledge is based on what they have previously learned, and requires students to â€Å"constructively critique it, account for its cultural location; creatively extend and apply it and eventually innovate own† and strengthen their ability to demonstrate what they have learned (The New London Group, 1996, p. 37). A mathematical example of this process is the conversion of degrees to radians. Its real life use is the calculation of the speed of a piece of machin ery. This calculation includes the formula in terms of radians rather than degrees. Finally, Transformed Practice is â€Å"where we try and re-enact a discourse by engaging in it for our real purposes† (The New London Group, 1996, p. 36).  Students need to think and learn outside their own discourse and think about how they can re-create their meaning, linking their own discourses to understand what they have learned. An example of this practice was where students were asked to plan and present a lesson including a Wiki activity and a Prezi (presentation tool) that teaches the concepts from a previous mathematics lesson. In groups, students collaboratively utilised the Internet to research topics, and create: work sheets for others to complete, interactive wiki activities, team tasks, and their own YouTube clips. The lesson included the use and creation of multimodal texts and scaffolding of existing knowledge. Students developed new knowledge through authentic multimodal texts such as image, sound, video and written text (Tan, 2006). Gunning (2002) explores the impact of reading and writing difficulties in a social stance, and highlights that poor instructions given by teachers can contribute to a student’s difficulties. Gunning’s (2002) observations and research serve as a reminder that teachers must be sure to provide the ‘what’ and ‘how’ of multiliteracies, to ensure each student has the opportunity to progress. Teachers need to evaluate their current practice and identify the text types typically used in the Mathematics content areas and consider the social needs and teaching strategies that will develop student’s literacy skills (Goos, Stillman., Vale, 2007). In a mathematics lesson, students were introduced to the ‘Simpson’s rule’ formula. The lesson’s aim was for students to measure the area beneath a real life object, gain an understanding of what is needed to complete the formula and how the variables are calculated. Students were required to work collaboratively in pairs, discussing various ways in which measurements were taken in order to obtain an accurate result in working out the area of the object. Likewise, students were required to engage in higher order thinking, in order to formulate possible solutions to the dilemma. These experiences provided students with the opportunity to be inclusive in their learning, and consolidate their understanding of key concepts that are relevant to the lesson goals (Prain Hand, 1999). Teacher observations and questioning during group work, guided the student’s discussions, with the teacher embracing a teaching style where multiliteracies were used. The New London Group (1996) have profoundly impacted on teaching practices, literacy research, policy curriculum and pedagogy (Mills, 2006). Gee (1991) explores  social literacy and the impact of a student’s discourse that are established outside the classroom, from their social group, fa mily and cultural ties. Their view of literacy as social practice and their emphasis on incorporating the rapidly increasing number of electronic and multimodal text types in 21st century society into teaching practice represents a clear break away from the single dimensional teaching of literacy. However, for multiliteracies such as digital literacies, multimodal resources and ICT to provide best learning for students, teachers must be prepared to embrace the view that literacy is a social practice and and an essential skill underpinning all curriculum areas. Teachers also need to recognise that each lesson they teach to students provides the opportunity to develop the student’s literacy skills. In order to facilitate this change in pedagogical ideology, teachers must be prepared to evaluate their current teaching practice and adopt a more holistic approach to developing literacy skills in their students. As a consequence, students should be exposed to participative learning experiences with re al life learning outcomes. References Anstey, M., Bull, G. (2000). Developing multiple and critical readings of text. Reading the visual: Written and illustrated children’s literature (pp. 201-214). Sydney: Harcourt. Gee, J. (1991) What is literacy? In C.Mitchell K. Weiler (Eds.), Rewriting literacy. New York: Bergin Garvey Goos, M. Stillman, G. Vale,C. (2007). Teaching secondary mathematics. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen Unwin. Gunning, T. (2002). Factors involved in reading and writing difficulties. Assessing and correcting reading and writing difficulties (2nd ed., pp. 26-62). Sydney: Allyn Bacon. Mills, K. (2006). Discovering design possibilities through a pedagogy of multiliteracies. Journal of Leading Design, 1(3), 61-72 NSW Department of Education and Training. (2010). NSW Department of Education and Training. (2007). Literacy K-12 Policy Retrieved from https://www.det.nsw.edu.au/policies/curriculum/schools/literacy/PD20050288.shtml?query=literacy+policy New South Wales Department of Education and Training. (2006). State literacy plan 2006-2008: Equitable literacy achievements for all students. Retrieved from http://www.curriculumsupprt.education.nsw.gov.au/policies/literacy/guidelinies/plan/index.htm Prain Hand (1999) Tan, L. (2006). Literacy for the 21st Century. Retrieved from http://iresearch.osprey.url3.net/iresearch/slot/u110/litreviews/literacy4_21st_century.pdf The New London Group. (1996). A pedagogy of multiliteracies: Designing social futures. In B.Cope M. Klantzis (Eds.), Multiliteracies, literacy learning and the design of social futures (pp. 9-37). London: Macmillan. Walsh, C. (2006). Beyond the workshop. Doing multiliteracies with adolescents. English in Australia, 41(3), 49-58 Winch, G., Johnston, R., March, P., Ljungdahl, L., Holliday, M. (2010). Literacy: Reading, writing and childrens literature (4th ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press Cope, Bill and Mary Kalantzis (eds), Multiliteracies: Literacy Learning and the Design of Social Futures, Routledge, London, 2000, 350pp. | link

Carl Orffs Philosophies In Music Education :: essays research papers

While Carl Orff is a very seminal composer of the 20th century, his greatest success and influence has been in the field of Music Education. Born on July 10th in Munich, Germany in 1895, Orff refused to speak about his past almost as if he were ashamed of it. What we do know, however, is that Orff came from a Bavarian family who was very active in the German military. His father's regiment band would often play through some of the young Orff's first attempts at composing. Although Orff was adamant about the secrecy of his past, Moser's Musik Lexicon says that he studied in the Munich Academy of Music until 1914. Orff then served in the military in the first world war. After the war, he held various positions in the Mannheim and Darmstadt opera houses then returned home to Munich to further study music. In 1925, and for the rest of his life, Orff was the head of a department and co-founder of the Guenther School for gymnastics, music, and dance in Munich where he worked with musical beginners. This is where he developed his Music Education theories. In 1937, Orff's Carmina Burana premiered in Frankfurt, Germany. Needless to say, it was a great success. With the success of Carmina Burana, Orff orphaned all of his previous works except for Catulli Carmina and the En trata which were rewritten to be acceptable by Orff. One of Orff's most admired composers was Monteverdi. In fact, much of Orff's work was based on ancient material. Orff said: I am often asked why I nearly always select old material, fairy tales and legends for my stage works. I do not look upon them as old, but rather as valid material. The time element disappears, and only the spiritual power remains. My entire interest is in the expression of spiritual realities. I write for the theater in order to convey a spiritual attitude.1 What Orff is trying to say here is that he does not use "old" material, but material that is good enough to be used again. If one eliminates the fact that this material was written many years ago, then there is nothing to stop that material from being any less legitimate in recent times. Orff's work in Music Education has been astounding. In the early 1920's, Orff worked with Mary Wigman. Wigman was a pupil of Emile Jaques-Dalcroze, another very influential name in Music Education. In fact, Orff's approach to music is very similar to Dalcroze's, but Orff focuses on education through percussion instruments. In 1924, Orff joined Dorthee Guenther and together

Fragrance Marketing Plan

DEDICATION/STUDENT BIO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: MISSION STATEMENT: Blossom Beauty is all about empowerment. Our tag line ‘let your inner beauty grow’ perfectly encapsulates the purpose of our brand. That is, to the let the natural beauty of young women flourish and grow, as they grow. At Blossom we believe that makeup shouldn’t be about covering up imperfections or looking like someone different, it’s about learning how to enhance what you already have. At Blossom, our mission is to provide young women with natural cosmetic and skin care products that will magnify their true beauty. We also aim to empower our Blossom beauties by providing them with guidance in using our products. † PART I: RESEARCH BACKGROUND HISTORICAL RESEARCH: In ‘Hope in a Jar: The Making of America’s Beauty Culture’ (1998), a study on the evolution of cosmetic use, Kathy Piess explains that leading up to World War I, the use of makeup was viewed as immoral and ofte n linked to prostitution (p 134-167).However, the end of the war saw the movement of women into the workplace and the widening acceptance of cosmetic use, as Piess states ‘a democratic vision of beauty began to break down traditional representations of women’ (ibid. ) This uprise challenged male perceptions of the time, as demonstrated by a quote from Alain Rustenholz’s ‘Make Up’ (2003), ‘For the working woman, beauty has become the leading guarantee of efficiency†¦ In earlier days, only a husband or a lover had rights to a woman’s beauty.Today, she is beautiful for everyone†¦ A woman’s beauty is an essential element of the daily performance that the century has put on for itself in the working world’ (p 70. ) Piess goes on to clarify that the increasing use of cosmetics represented a sense of freedom and individuality felt by women. ‘Makeup was no longer just a sign of a vanity, but a true expression of fem ininity’ (p 134-167. ) The social acceptance of cosmetic use meant that feminine beauty and consumption would become intertwined. KelleyMassoni points out in ‘Fashioning Teenagers: A Cultural History of Seventeen Magazine’ (2010) that women began to purchase beauty products as a means to self-fulfilment and social acceptance, and this subsequently influenced the mindset of adolescent women (p 18. ) According to historian Lizbeth Cohen in ‘A Consumer’s Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America’ (2008), after World War II women were viewed as the ‘consumers’ of society and advertisers pursued this idea by targeting younger women as a way of influencing spending habits early on (p 105. Throughout the 1950’s, 60’s and 70’s, cosmetic manufacturers targeted the seemingly endless teenage market. In ‘Hope in a Jar’ (1998) Piess explains that brands like Covergirl, Maybelline, and Revlo n all ‘created beauty images that meshed closely with the ways high school students themselves classified girls into cliques and codified their evolving sense of personality’. By the mid 60’s, teenage girls, who comprised 11% of the population had bought nearly one-quarter of all cosmetics and beauty preparations (p 134-167. While the teen girl market was burgeoning, Piess adds that during this time, children were largely off-limits. Eye shadow and rouge were considered improper for young girls and advertising was targeted towards parents rather than children. By the 1980’s and 90’s, however in America and Europe, cosmetics were designed for and marketed to ‘tweens’ (girls between childhood and teen years) and then to children as young as three. The practice of encouraging young children to learn how to apply makeup has not developed without controversy.Cosmetic ingredients were largely unregulated in the US until the 2000’s, lea ding some critics to question the safety of cosmetic products, while others believe that such products force children to grow up too fast, or undermine their self-esteem. However, with a movement into natural cosmetic and skincare products in the last century, teens may be able to transition into the world of beauty in a healthier way. * Cohen, L. (2008)  A Consumer's Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, p. 105. * Massoni, K. (2010)  Fashioning Teenagers: A Cultural History of Seventeen Magazine.California: Left Coast Press, p. 18. * Piess, K. (1998)  Hope in a Jar: The Making of America's Beauty Culture. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 134-167. * Rustenholz, A. (2003)  Make Up. London: Hachette Illustrated, p. 70. LITERATURE REVIEW: ‘Blossom Cosmetics’ sells 100% natural cosmetic and skin care products directed towards teens and tweens. This literature review will cover the history o f cosmetic use by women and teens, what goes into marketing to this age group and the representations of femininity and adolescence in media and marketing.The review will give an overview of the Australian cosmetics and toiletries industry, the intentions behind consumer purchase of natural products, and the advantages and disadvantages of natural and chemical-based products respectively. In order to define a gap in the market, this review will also give insight into current trends appealing to the teen and tween demographic of Australia and how teens are responding to cosmetics today. The sheer influence media and celebrities have on young people is explained in â€Å"Advertising to Children†.Marcia Amidon Lusted states that since the early 1980’s, advertisers have discovered children and teens make up an enormous market. One market-research group estimated that U. S teens spent more than $159 billion dollars in 2005. Amidon Lusted goes onto discuss some of the ways c ompanies cater to this tough market of teens. KAGOY or ‘Kids are Getting Older, Younger’ refers to the way that kids today are identifying themselves with the adult world at earlier and earlier ages.One of ways marketers react to this social change is through the strategy of ‘tweening’, the marketing of products that were once thought suitable for teens to younger and younger kids (Amidon Lusted, 2009, p 35-40). Through analysis of the August 2012 issue of ‘Girlfriend’ magazine – an Australian publication directed at teen girls, current trends appealing to this young demographic are revealed. With teen role model and burgeoning actress Emma Stone on the cover, the issue features articles like ‘hot Aussie bands to add to your playlist, 95 ways to keep warm this winter and why quiet girls can come first’.Style inspiration is heavily drawn from youthful celebrities like Elizabeth Olsen and Kate Bosworth, and posters feature the actors and actresses from recent blockbusters like ‘The Hunger Games’. Most interestingly is an article called ‘The Business of Beauty’, which praises natural beauty and promotes self-esteem for young girls (Girlfriend, 2012). Murphy’s â€Å"New Girl Order: Youth, Gender, and Generation in Contemporary Teen Girls' Media† also examines how the young women of Generation Y in particular, have become a key market for media industries.The book analyses various marketing campaigns, but most interestingly is that of 90’s cosmetic brand Flygirl. The analysis concludes that the campaigns careful balance between the importance of external appearance and the development of inner strength is necessitated by the shared characteristics of this generation. Through further analysis, â€Å"New Girl Order† explains that girl-focused media promotes conformity while simultaneously flattering the teen girl demographic with messages about the importa nce of their individuality (Murphy, 2008).While cosmetic brands are faced with the challenge of tapping into the psychology of teenagers, they are also confronted by the parents of this market. â€Å"Children’s Market – Doing It for the Kids†, an article written for the Cosmetics Business website by Julia Wray discovers how brands are appealing to both parents and children. Consumer analyst for Mintel, Ricky Lakhani explains, â€Å"due to added work pressure and lifestyles becoming more hectic, women are delaying starting their families until later in life, which is having a bearing on their ability to spend more on products for their children†.The article explains that unlike the teens they will become, the tween market doesn’t desire to be treated like adults, but they won’t suffer being babied either, and now the beauty world is starting to take note of this emerging demographic. Pacific World Corp and Walmart caused a stir when they anno unced their new line GeoGirl, a makeup brand for 8-12 year olds. The states that it is likely that similar offerings will hit store shelves in coming years as brand owners seek to engage with this potentially lucrative market (Wray, 2011).An article written by Felicia Kamriani for Hollywood Weekly discusses the ways teens and tweens are responding to cosmetics today. Young girls use makeup as a form of expression of their individuality and independence, but also because they have an inherent desire to feel accepted and liked. Marshal Cohen, NPD Group Chief Industry Analyst is quoted in the article saying â€Å"†¦ tweens make the decision to purchase based solely on brand recognition – they have a strong desire to fit in and be ‘just as good as’ their peers.While the teen market uses style as their indicator of fashion acceptance, the tween market uses brands†. Many teens and tweens are following the eco-natural trend, wearing lighter, barely-there mak eup. Today, more cosmetics companies are focused on developing safer products free from toxic substances (Kamriani, 2008, p 10). An overview of the Australian cosmetics and toiletries industry from Austrade reveals that there is room for the introduction of natural products in particular. The Australian cosmetic and toiletries industry has domestic sales of approximately A$5 billion per annum.Australian products achieve global success because of their reputation for being clean and green. We are also known for our natural and organic products. There is currently a growing demand worldwide for natural skincare and body products and Australia has the advantage of already being recognised in this sector of the market (Austrade, 2009). But why the push for natural products? Chen’s evaluation of the â€Å"Effectiveness of the Natural Cosmetic Product Compared to Chemical-Based Products†, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the natural cosmetic and the chemical-bas ed product respectively.A survey conducted for this study revealed that out of the 87% of people that actually used cosmetics, 94% believed that chemical-based cosmetics would cause side effects. Natural cosmetics are made from raw materials, less harmful to the earth, and less harmful to the skin. However, natural cosmetics may contain plant-derived materials benefice to microbial growth and only a few preservatives, if any at all, which means a shorter shelf-life. Chemical-based cosmetics incorporate synthetic materials which achieve desired results quickly, but often at a cost.According to a study by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, preservatives are the second most common cause of allergic and irritant reactions to cosmetics (Chen, 2009). â€Å"Consumer Purchase Intention for Organic Personal Care Products† examines the effects of consumer values and past experiences on the purchase intention of organic products. As part of the study, an online survey was cond ucted with 207 panel members. The results indicated that environmental consciousness and appearance consciousness positively influence toward buying organic or natural cosmetic products.The study suggested that retailers can develop effective marketing strategies emphasizing ecological beauty, product safety and affordable prices to increase the sale of organic and natural personal-care products (Kim et al, 2011). Based on this preliminary research, I have found that there is a definite gap in the market and a desire for natural Australian-made cosmetics. There is clearly a level of concern from the parents of the teens and tween that are so strategically marketed to and to succeed as a brand, Blossom would need to achieve the ‘cool factor’ for the tween/teen demographic to respond.However, to fully understand this target market and the objectives and strategies of competing cosmetic brands, primary research, including surveys, focus groups and ethnographic studies must be carried out. * Amidon Lusted, M. 2009. â€Å"Advertising to Children†. ABDO Publishing Company, Minnesota. p 35-40. * Girlfriend Magazine. 2012. [ONLINE]. Girlfriend Magazine. August Issue. Retrieved from:http://au. youth. yahoo. com/girlfriend/blog/galleries/g/-/14415833/2/august-2012-girlfriend-mag-sneak-peek/ * Murphy, C. 2008. â€Å"New Girl Order: Youth, Gender, and Generation in Contemporary Teen Girls' Media†.UMI Dissertation Publishing. * Cosmetics Business (2011)  Children's Market – Doing It For The Kids. [online] Available at: http://www. cosmeticsbusiness. com/technical/article_page/Childrens_market_doing_it_for_the_kids/61075. * Kamriani, F. 2008. â€Å"Teens and Cosmetics: It's Not Like It Used to Be†. Hollywood Weekly, Iss. 10 p. 10. * Austrade. 2009. Cosmetics and Toiletries Overview. [online] Available at: http://www. austrade. gov. au/Cosmetics-and-Toiletries-overview/default. aspx * Chen, Q. 2009. â€Å"Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Natural Cosmetic Product Compared to Chemical-Based Products†.International Journal of Chemistry, 1 (2), p. 57-59. * Kim, H. and Chung, J. 2011. â€Å"Consumer Purchase Intention for Organic Personal Care Products†. The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 28 (1), p. 40-47. TARGET MARKET RESEARCH: In researching the target market of Blossom Beauty products, I designed two surveys, one for 10-16 year old young women and one for parents, and mothers in particular. The results of each survey indicated that all participants in the 10-16 year old group had been using cosmetic and skincare products since the ages of 10-14.In contrast to this are the survey results from the group of mothers, which indicated that participants had started using cosmetic and skincare products from the ages of 13-20. This demonstrates that a shift in the social acceptance of youth cosmetic use has created a potential gap in the market for such a product. On asking the 10-16 year old participants how they learnt to apply makeup, the majority revealed that it was their mother/family members that had taught them, with friends and personal experimentation following closely behind.This shows that family members, in particular mothers, are most influential in cosmetic-related decisions for this age group. 10-16 year old participants chose Clinique, Maybelline, MAC, Chi Chi, Bloom and Natio as their favourite beauty brands, while parent participants chose Ponds, Australis, Bonne Bell, Clinique and Bobby Brown as their favourite beauty brands during ages 13-20. When asked what kinds of cosmetic and skincare products they used when they were younger, the majority of these participants chose eyeliner, eye shadow, lipstick, mascara and powder, and few skin-related products, mostly from skincare brand Nivea.This contrasts with the majority of 10-16 year old participants who chose mascara, lip gloss/balm and light foundation as their preferred products. These makeup products are much l ighter than those used by their mothers when they were teens, revealing a change in product use and commonly used brands. In terms of skincare, 60% of the 10-16 year old participants carry out a daily skincare routine, that involves a cleansing or exfoliating face wash, toner and moisturiser, with most favoured brand, Clearasil. Whilst the above graph shows that 66. 7% of the 10-16 year old participants use makeup products everyday, 86. % admitted to not owning any natural cosmetic or skincare products. This reveals that there is a gap in the market for natural beauty products that are designed for everyday use. When asked which celebrities they considered most physically attractive, participants chose teen TV stars like Mischa Barton, Leighton Meester, Blake Lively and Selena Gomez, fashion icons like Lily Allen, Alexa Chung and Kate Bosworth and ‘teen heartthrobs’ including Justin Bieber and Zac Efron. These celebrities are portrayed as stereotypically ‘prettyâ €™ and desirable, reflecting the sheer influence the media has on teen perceptions of beauty.The above graph shows that 64. 7% of parent participants would expect to pay between $10 and $20 for their daughters’ beauty products. 52. 9% of participants would purchase their daughters beauty products from department stores, followed by 41. 2% who would purchase them from beauty-specific stores like Priceline, as shown in the above graph. When shopping in the beauty/hygiene aisle of the supermarket, 88. 2% of parent participants and only 40% of 10-16 year old participants indicated that they would be more attracted to light, clean coloured packaging in white or silver. In contrast, the results showed that only 11. % of the parent participants compared to 60% of 10-16 year old participants would be attracted to bright, loud coloured packaging in red or pink. 76. 5% of parent participants would allow their daughter to wear makeup every day, and 58. 8% believe it is appropriate f or young women between the ages of 10 and 16 to wear makeup, however, a strong 41. 2% believe it isn’t. Through analysis of these survey results, primary and secondary target market characteristics have been identified. Blossom’s primary target market of teens and tweens between the ages of 10 and 16 are inexperienced with cosmetic products compared to their mothers as teens.They are interested in using makeup, and require skincare products, but their mothers and family remain highly influential in their beauty-related decisions. The media, however, is also extremely influential in the decisions of this age group and a certain perception of beauty and what is considered attractive is based around current celebrities. The mothers of 10-16 year olds who make up Blossom’s secondary target market are key consumers as they are the ones who purchase their daughter’s cosmetic and skincare products.These mothers want natural products for their daughters, but at a n affordable price. This target market won’t pay more than $20 and expect to find these beauty products where they might buy their own. PART II: MARKETING INTRODUCTION: MACRO & MICRO ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS POLITICAL: The Advanced Association of Beauty Therapists (AABTH) have reported that as consumers are becoming increasingly wary of potential toxicity in cosmetics and toiletries, market segments offering fragrance-free products made using natural ingredients and essential oils are likely to record strong growth.While natural beauty products are in demand, there are strict guidelines based on the labelling of these products. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission enforce the labelling of cosmetic products under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010. There are mandatory labelling requirements for the labelling of cosmetic products manufactured in, or imported into, Australia. Ingredients, including colour additives, fragrances and perfumes must be listed on the co ntainer or the product itself. ECONOMIC:Blossom is primarily targeted towards young women between the ages of 10 and 16. However, as this market is often still financially dependent on their parents, we must take the pricing of our products into careful consideration. Many believe that the cosmetics industry is a recession proof market because history has shown that women continue to spend on items that have the ‘feel good’ factor and represent ‘value for money’, but in the case of spending money on children, we must consider how the recession has affected parents. REFERENCE) SOCIAL: The AABTH have also reported that there has been continued growth in the youth segment (the teen and tween boom), which is thought to account for roughly 20 per cent of the overall cosmetics and toiletries market. It is believed that manufacturers and marketers may develop an increasing array of youth products that mimic their adult counterparts. Whilst the market for youth-foc used cosmetics is booming, there is a great deal of controversy surrounding the selling of make-up to young women in particular.Young girls are constantly influenced by a dominant message about physical appearance equating with worth and it has been shown that an over-emphasis on looks and attractiveness leads to negative body image, disordered eating, depression, anxiety and low self-esteem. While some cosmetic companies are setting unrealistic standards of beauty for their customers, Blossom is based on the idea of natural beauty and the empowerment of young women. The Blossom Mentor Program for young women without role models is evidence of our efforts in fighting for a better result.TECHNOLOGICAL: Recent studies have shown that 93% of teenagers 12-17 are online—the largest percentage of any age group, 73% of teens are on social networking sites and 75% of them own a mobile phone. The constant growth and popularity of technologies like the internet and mobile phones, combi ned with the immense influence the media has on young people is staggering. With such an online presence and a truly transient nature, it’s crucial for Blossom to tap into this younger generation of technology-savvy teens to remain current. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS:COMPETITOR 1: Bloom Cosmetics Bloom is an Australian beauty brand, based on Melbourne that was founded in 1993 by Natalie Bloom. According to the brand’s website, Bloom was born from Natalie’s packaging design hobby, which turned into a business and eventually a brand. The Bloom product range originally included Essential Oil Blends, Massage Oils and Aromatherapy Lip Balms and now features over 350 products including colour cosmetics, an 80-shade nail polish range, the Australian-manufactured Bloom Organics range and a diffusion range ‘b collection by Bloom’.Bloom is now an internationally recognised beauty brand and stocked across the globe (Bloom Cosmetics, 2011). Product| EYES * Shadows * L iners * Mascara * Brow liners/gelsLIPS * Lipstick * Stains/tints * Gloss * Lip liners * BalmsFACE * Foundation * Tint * Concealers/highlighters * Primer * Bronzing * BlushTANNING/BRONZING GELS/CREAMSNAILS * Polish * Accessories e. g. files, removerSKIN * Organic body care & skincare * Organic accessories e. g. owels/bagsACCESSORIES * Wipes, sharpener, bags & brushesSince 2000, each Bloom product has featured the playful yet sophisticated ‘Miss Bloom’ illustration, contributing to the youthful sensibility of the brand. | Price| The price point of Bloom cosmetics ranges from $10 for accessories, $20-$30 for lip, eye and nail products, and up to $40-$50 for body care, skin care and face products. This is a higher price point in comparison with competing brands. | Place| Bloom products are available from the Melbourne flagship store, Myer, David Jones and Target department stores as well as online. Promotion| * Bloom blog * Facebook * Twitter * Youtube * Email subscription * Competitions * Collaborations * Children’s Hospital Foundation | People| * Specific selection of trained staff knowledgeable in beauty products in department & flagship stores. | STRENGTHS| * Huge product range * Multiple collaborations * Series of awards won * Internationally recognised/stocked * Organics & diffusion ranges * Charity support – corporate citizenship| WEAKNESSES| * As a ‘youthful’ beauty brand, selling tanners & heavy makeup doesn’t set healthy example for young people. Quite expensive for young people & parents in comparison with competitors e. g. Kit, Maybelline, GeoGIRL * Lack of information online| OPPORTUNITIES| * A ‘youth focused’/cheaper diffusion line or collaboration * Expansion and growth of international presence| THREATS| * Negativity from parents * Competition from competing international cosmetic and skincare brands. | COMPETITOR 2: GeoGIRL CosmeticsGeoGIRL is an American beauty brand; selling ‘natu ral’ cosmetic and skin care products in recyclable packaging for 8-12 year old girls. The GeoGIRL website explains that the brand was launched in 2011 by US department store Walmart. GeoGIRL products are ‘natural’, affordable and ideal for young, sensitive skin. The 69-piece GeoGIRL line features blush, mascara, face shimmer and lipstick. Each GeoGIRL product comes with directions (GeoGIRL, 2012).Product| EYES * Shadows * Pencil * Mascara * Brow gelLIPS * Gloss * Balm * Shine * TreatmentsFACE * Concealer * Tint * Powder * Blush/shimmerSKIN * Cleanser * Toner * Moisturiser/refresher * Remover * Body mist| Price| The price point of GeoGIRL cosmetics ranges from USD$4 to USD$6, relatively low in comparison with competing brands. | Place| GeoGIRL cosmetics are available online at www. drugstore. com. | Promotion| * Facebook * Youtube * ‘Green tips’ – association with environmental consciousness * Charity link – animal shelters & endangered wildlife * Media e. . US magazines – Seventeen, Marie Claire & Teen Vogue * Music video * Membership & competitions| People| * GeoGIRL has a FAQ page dedicated to concerned parents, which explains the monitoring of personal information & accounts by trained staff members. | STRENGTHS| * Wide range of media coverage * A percentage of profits go to voted charities * How-to and music videos * ‘Parents’ section of the website that addresses any concerns about the GeoGIRL products. * Customers can also sign-up to become a GeoGIRL to share their ideas online. WEAKNESSES| * Only available online from a participating website called ‘drugstore. com’ * Pricing for the products doesn’t exceed $6 US dollars, portraying a cheap or low-quality brand image * The brand is only available to an American market * Website is inconsistent and some parts are missing| OPPORTUNITIES| * Expansion to an international market * Distribution into bricks and mortar stores * Further brand extensions or collaborations| THREATS| * Competing global brands * Negativity from parents & industry |While Blossom Beauty will offer a smaller product range in comparison to Bloom and GeoGIRL, the price point will be higher than that of GeoGIRL to portray an image of quality and to cover costs, but lower than Bloom to remain affordable. Blossom will only be available to an Australian market to begin with, but may expand globally to compete with brands like Bloom. Blossom will focus on youth-appropriate products and promotion like GeoGIRL but will maintain a sophisticated appearance and reputation like Bloom. Bloom Cosmetics (2011)  Our Story. [online] Available at: http://www. bloomcosmetics. om/cms-home/bloom-story. phps. GeoGIRL (2012)  About GeoGIRL. [online] Available at: http://geogirl. com/about. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS: STRENGTHS: * Blossom Beauty produces 100% natural skin care and cosmetic products for everyday use * Each product comes with a set of direc tions * Blossom has recruited a famous female celebrity ambassador to represent the brand * We support young women without role models with our Blossom Mentor Program * Blossom aims to collaborate with a major teen fashion brand * Our product is available online, in department and beauty-specific stores WEAKNESSES: Blossom will only be available to the Australian market to begin with * We may have to produce offshore to remain competitive and cover costs * We are yet to achieve any media coverage OPPORTUNITIES: * A focus on planet-friendly, cost-efficient packaging * Growth of customer base, with sustained loyalty past teen/tween years * Brand extensions into fragrance, body and hair care THREATS: * Lack of control if manufacturing offshore * Risk of over-pricing products * Competing brands with established reputation and brand extensions * Negativity from parentsMARKET OVERVIEW: OBJECTIVES & STRATEGIES: Objectives| Strategies| * Position Blossom as a leading skincare and cosmetics brand, dedicated to the welfare of young women * Push the visibility of Blossom in the market through strategic promotional efforts| Work with PR team to form a strong concept and consistent brand message communicated through campaign shoot to be featured in Dolly/Girlfriend magazines, buses, billboards and online 2-3 months before line is released. * | Develop relationships with department stores e. g. MYER and David Jones, as well as beauty-specific store e. g. Priceline for distribution by June/July. | * | Launch line through event, coinciding with International Women’s Day in June/July – focus on mother-daughter relationship. | * | With the assistance of web expertise, develop e-commerce website by June and maintain consistent brand message in social networking via Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr and Pinterest. * Diversify Blossom from competitors * Achieve a positive reputation through association|   Identify key Australian female celebrities who are viewed as positive role models and represent the values of Blossom and reach out to them to secure a brand ambassador by early 2013. | * | Kick start Blossom Mentor Program and design school workshops by August. Connect with The Butterfly Foundation charity, work with PR team to publicise the program e. g. magazines, internet and POS promotion and get brand ambassador involved. * Build a loyal customer base that transcends teen years| Align Blossom with youth-focused fashion destinations, online or in-store e. g. Factorie/ASOS etc and collaborate on a line as a goal towards the end of the year. | * | Research growing market and move into brand extensions by the beginning of 2014, branching out into fragrances, bath & body or haircare. | TACTICAL MARKETING PROGRAMS: PRODUCT: The Blossom Beauty range will consist of one cosmetic line and one skin care line.The all-natural cosmetic line will focus on the ‘basics of natural beauty’ and will be made up of lip glosses, balms and ti nts, mix and match eye shadows, mascara, easy-to-use eye liner and eye crayons, mineral blush and cheek tint, mineral powder and tinted moisturiser, as well as a variety of makeup related tools including brushes, a case, mirror, sharpener and eyelash curler. The 100% natural skin care range will also be focused on the essentials, with a cream cleanser, exfoliating facial scrub, nourishing moisturiser, toner and acne serum.Cosmetic and skin care products will look and smell delicious in feminine coloured packaging and each will come with a brief set of instructions on how to achieve the desired result. PRICE: Blossom beauty products will be priced anywhere between $15 and $30. This price point is slightly lower than competing brands to keep it accessible for teens and affordable for their parents as a secondary target market. The price may seem higher than other teen-friendly beauty products but only to cover the costs of natural ingredients and product tie-ins. PLACE:Blossom product s may have to be manufactured offshore in order for the brand to remain competitive. The products will be packaged in Australia and distributed to major department stores like Myer/David Jones, in beauty-specific stores including Priceline and online from our e-commerce website. PROMOTION: Much like other well-known cosmetic brands, Blossom will have a strong commercial presence. Blossom advertisements will be featured in print media (e. g. Dolly and Girlfriend magazine) and outdoors, on billboards and on buses. Each advertisement will feature bright natural colours, youthful imagery and our brand ambassador.Blossom has chosen these promotional tools in order to connect directly with teens, tweens and their parents. That is why the brand will also maintain a strong online identity through social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter and the Blossom website that will include how-to videos, interactive quizzes and games, competitions and brand information. Blossom will also be pr omoted through collaborations with online and bricks and mortar shopping destinations and its Mentor Program for young girls. Each promotional method reinforces the brands message of the positivity of natural beauty and the empowerment of young women.PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS: FINANCIAL: Month| Objective| Budget| Jan-Feb 2013| Brand ambassador chosen|   | | Market research conducted| $6000 for focus groups$300 per personal interviews – 6 interviews to represent different ages within target market – $1800| | Workshops designed|   | March-May|   Campaign shoot| $20,000| |   Promotional activity| Outdoor – Bus/Billboard: $20,000Magazine: $25,000| | Website design| $10,000-$20,000 to build website10% of cost to build website per month for website maintenance| | Cosmetic and skin care line manufactured| $20,000| June-July| Launch event| $20,000|